Basic English Structure 基本英語結構
The Parts of Speech 詞類

All English words can be grouped into eight classes. 所有的英文字可以歸納為八大類別。

1. Nouns 名詞
Words that are the names of people, things or places. 名詞是指人或事物或地方的名稱。
e.g.
Carl is an American.
Health is better than wealth.
English is an international language.

Exercise 1
I. Recognizing nouns
II. Countable & uncountable nouns

2. Pronouns 代名詞
Words that replace the nouns. 代名詞是用來代替名詞的詞。
e.g.
Tom is a Chinese. He was born in Hong Kong.
Someone is calling you outside.
I have a gold watch, and my sister has also one. Mine is better than hers.

Pronoun Chart : Subject Pronouns, Object Pronouns, Possessive Adjectives, Possessive Pronouns
代名詞列表 : 主語代名詞, 賓語代名詞, 物主形容詞, 物主代名詞

Exercise 2
I. Recognizing pronouns
II. Subject & objective pronouns

3. Adjectives 形容詞
Words that qualify nouns by making its meaning clearer, fuller, or more exact. Articles can be classified as Adjectives.
形容詞是描述名詞所指的人、事物等的詞。它們把名詞修飾得更清晰、完整和準確。冠詞也可被分類為形容詞。

e.g.
a rich man
The apple is ripe.
I am interested in painting.
A smiling baby

Order of adjectives: The usual order is: Opinion/Value, Size, Age, Shape, Colour, Origin, Material
一般的次序是：看法／價值、大小、年齡、形狀、顏色、來源、材料

Exercise 3
I. Recognizing adjectives
II. Adjective order

4. Verbs 動詞
Words that express the idea of action or being. 動詞是表示動作或狀態的詞
e.g.
Snow is white.
The enemy was defeated.
The earth moves round the sun.
He has been painting the wall for four hours.

Exercise 4
I. Recognizing verbs

5. Adverbs 副詞
Words that we can add to a verb to make its meaning clearer, fuller, or more exact.
副詞的本意是補充動詞的意思。它們把動詞修飾得更清晰、完整和準確。
e.g.
He ran slowly. (slowly modifies the verb 'ran')
I will see her tomorrow. (tomorrow modifies the verb 'will see')
He speaks English very well. ( well modifies the verb 'speaks', very modifies another adverb 'well')
His father is quite old. (quite modifies the adjective 'old')

Exercise 5
I. Recognizing adverbs
II. Adjective or Adverb

6. Prepositions 介詞
Words that are used to show the relationship between the noun or pronoun and another word.
介詞是用來表示名詞或代名詞與另外一個詞之間的關係。
e.g.
The lamp hangs over the table.
The smoke went up the chimney.
I sent the parcel to him; it went by airmail.
I am sitting in front of John.

Exercise 6
I. Recognizing Prepositions

7. Conjunctions 連接詞
Words that are used to join words, phrases or sentences. 連接詞是用來連接詞語、片語或句子的詞。
e.g.
A boy and a girl were walking together.
He can't read or write.
He worked hard because he wanted to succeed.
She liked neither the food nor the drink.
Although he started poorly, he won the game.

Exercise 7
I. Recognizing Conjunctions

8. Interjections 感嘆詞
Words that express a sudden feeling or emotion. 感嘆詞是用來表達突然的感受或感情。
e.g.
Oh! What shall I do?
Alas! How foolish I was!

Exercise 8
I. Recognizing Interjections

Revision I
Revision II (higher level)

A good grasp of the concept of the parts of speech is basic to an understanding of English structure. It is also important to learn the basic unit of English grammar - sentences.

Basic English Structure